An Architect needs to design a Snowflake account and database strategy to store and analyze large amounts of structured and semi-structured dat
a. There are many business units and departments within the company. The requirements are scalability, security, and cost efficiency.
What design should be used?
The best design to store and analyze large amounts of structured and semi-structured data for different business units and departments is to use a centralized Snowflake database for core business data, and use separate databases for departmental or project-specific data. This design allows for scalability, security, and cost efficiency by leveraging Snowflake's features such as:
Database cloning:Cloning a database creates a zero-copy clone that shares the same data files as the original database, but can be modified independently. This reduces storage costs and enables fast and consistent data replication for different purposes.
Database sharing:Sharing a database allows granting secure and governed access to a subset of data in a database to other Snowflake accounts or consumers. This enables data collaboration and monetization across different business units or external partners.
A Developer is having a performance issue with a Snowflake query. The query receives up to 10 different values for one parameter and then performs an aggregation over the majority of a fact table. It then
joins against a smaller dimension table. This parameter value is selected by the different query users when they execute it during business hours. Both the fact and dimension tables are loaded with new data in an overnight import process.
On a Small or Medium-sized virtual warehouse, the query performs slowly. Performance is acceptable on a size Large or bigger warehouse. However, there is no budget to increase costs. The Developer
needs a recommendation that does not increase compute costs to run this query.
What should the Architect recommend?
Enabling the search optimization service on the table can improve the performance of queries that have selective filtering criteria, which seems to be the case here. This service optimizes the execution of queries by creating a persistent data structure called a search access path, which allows some micro-partitions to be skipped during the scanning process. This can significantly speed up query performance without increasing compute costs1.
Reference
* Snowflake Documentation on Search Optimization Service1.
An Architect for a multi-national transportation company has a system that is used to check the weather conditions along vehicle routes. The data is provided to drivers.
The weather information is delivered regularly by a third-party company and this information is generated as JSON structure. Then the data is loaded into Snowflake in a column with a VARIANT data type. This
table is directly queried to deliver the statistics to the drivers with minimum time lapse.
A single entry includes (but is not limited to):
- Weather condition; cloudy, sunny, rainy, etc.
- Degree
- Longitude and latitude
- Timeframe
- Location address
- Wind
The table holds more than 10 years' worth of data in order to deliver the statistics from different years and locations. The amount of data on the table increases every day.
The drivers report that they are not receiving the weather statistics for their locations in time.
What can the Architect do to deliver the statistics to the drivers faster?
To improve the performance of queries on semi-structured data, such as JSON stored in a VARIANT column, Snowflake's search optimization service can be utilized. By adding search optimization specifically for the longitude and latitude fields within the VARIANT column, the system can perform point lookups and substring queries more efficiently. This will allow for faster retrieval of weather statistics, which is critical for the drivers to receive timely updates.
A new table and streams are created with the following commands:
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE LETTERS (ID INT, LETTER STRING) ;
CREATE OR REPLACE STREAM STREAM_1 ON TABLE LETTERS;
CREATE OR REPLACE STREAM STREAM_2 ON TABLE LETTERS APPEND_ONLY = TRUE;
The following operations are processed on the newly created table:
INSERT INTO LETTERS VALUES (1, 'A');
INSERT INTO LETTERS VALUES (2, 'B');
INSERT INTO LETTERS VALUES (3, 'C');
TRUNCATE TABLE LETTERS;
INSERT INTO LETTERS VALUES (4, 'D');
INSERT INTO LETTERS VALUES (5, 'E');
INSERT INTO LETTERS VALUES (6, 'F');
DELETE FROM LETTERS WHERE ID = 6;
What would be the output of the following SQL commands, in order?
SELECT COUNT (*) FROM STREAM_1;
SELECT COUNT (*) FROM STREAM_2;
In Snowflake, a stream records data manipulation language (DML) changes to its base table since the stream was created or last consumed. STREAM_1 will show all changes including the TRUNCATE operation, while STREAM_2, being APPEND_ONLY, will not show deletions like TRUNCATE. Therefore, STREAM_1 will count the three inserts, the TRUNCATE (counted as a single operation), and the subsequent two inserts before the delete, totaling 4. STREAM_2 will only count the three initial inserts and the two after the TRUNCATE, totaling 3, as it does not count the TRUNCATE or the delete operation.
A company is designing a process for importing a large amount of loT JSON data from cloud storage into Snowflake. New sets of loT data get generated and uploaded approximately every 5 minutes.
Once the loT data is in Snowflake, the company needs up-to-date information from an external vendor to join to the dat
a. This data is then presented to users through a dashboard that shows different levels of aggregation. The external vendor is a Snowflake customer.
What solution will MINIMIZE complexity and MAXIMIZE performance?
Using Snowpipe for continuous, automated data ingestion minimizes the need for manual intervention and ensures that data is available in Snowflake promptly after it is generated. Leveraging Snowflake's data sharing capabilities allows for efficient and secure access to the vendor's data without the need for complex API integrations. Materialized views provide pre-aggregated data for fast access, which is ideal for dashboards that require high performance1234.
Reference =
* Snowflake Documentation on Snowpipe4
* Snowflake Documentation on Secure Data Sharing2
* Best Practices for Data Ingestion with Snowflake1
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