Financial institutions need to take volatility clustering into account:
1. To avoid taking on an undesirable level of risk
2. To know the right level of capital they need to hold
3. To meet regulatory requirements
4. To account for mean reversion in returns
Volatility clustering leads to levels of current volatility that can be significantly different from long run averages. When volatility is running high, institutions need to shed risk, and when it is running low, they can afford to increase returns by taking on more risk for a given amount of capital. An institution's response to changes in volatility can be either to adjust risk, or capital, or both. Accounting for volatility clustering helps institutions manage their risk and capital and therefore statements I and II are correct.
Regulatory requirements do not require volatility clustering to be taken into account (at least not yet). Therefore statement III is not correct, and neither is IV which is completely unrelated to volatility clustering.
Which of the following are valid approaches for extreme value analysis given a dataset:
1. The Block Maxima approach
2. Least squares approach
3. Maximum likelihood approach
4. Peak-over-thresholds approach
For EVT, we use the block maxima or the peaks-over-threshold methods. These provide us the data points that can be fitted to a GEV distribution.
Least squares and maximum likelihood are methods that are used for curve fitting, and they have a variety of applications across risk management.
Financial institutions need to take volatility clustering into account:
1. To avoid taking on an undesirable level of risk
2. To know the right level of capital they need to hold
3. To meet regulatory requirements
4. To account for mean reversion in returns
Volatility clustering leads to levels of current volatility that can be significantly different from long run averages. When volatility is running high, institutions need to shed risk, and when it is running low, they can afford to increase returns by taking on more risk for a given amount of capital. An institution's response to changes in volatility can be either to adjust risk, or capital, or both. Accounting for volatility clustering helps institutions manage their risk and capital and therefore statements I and II are correct.
Regulatory requirements do not require volatility clustering to be taken into account (at least not yet). Therefore statement III is not correct, and neither is IV which is completely unrelated to volatility clustering.
Concentration risk in a credit portfolio arises due to:
Concentration risk in a credit portfolio arises due to a high degree of correlation between the default probabilities of the issuers of securities in the portfolio. For example, the fortunes of the issuers in the same industry may be highly correlated, and an investor exposed to multiple such borrowers may face 'concentration risk'.
A low degree of correlation, or independence of individual defaults in the portfolio actually reduces or even eliminates concentration risk.
The fact that issuers are from the same country may not necessarily give rise to concentration risk - for example, a bank with all US based borrowers in different industries or with different retail exposure types may not face practically any concentration risk. What really matters is the default correlations between the borrowers, for example a lender exposed to cement producers across the globe may face a high degree of concentration risk.
Which of the following are valid approaches for extreme value analysis given a dataset:
1. The Block Maxima approach
2. Least squares approach
3. Maximum likelihood approach
4. Peak-over-thresholds approach
For EVT, we use the block maxima or the peaks-over-threshold methods. These provide us the data points that can be fitted to a GEV distribution.
Least squares and maximum likelihood are methods that are used for curve fitting, and they have a variety of applications across risk management.
Paola
2 hours agoTatum
1 days agoTresa
6 days agoHuey
15 days agoChau
29 days agoPatti
1 months agoDorinda
2 months agoMa
2 months agoHyman
2 months agoVeronika
2 months agoBrandon
2 months agoRolande
3 months agoLonna
3 months agoAlline
3 months agoAntonette
3 months agoRose
3 months agoEdison
4 months agoJolene
4 months agoTamala
4 months agoRodrigo
4 months agoKristal
4 months agoLorean
4 months agoReed
5 months agoMicaela
5 months agoOlga
7 months ago