Of the following, which measures can debt holders adopt to protect against a transfer of wealth to their detriment to the shareholders:
1. Restrictive covenants limiting dividends
II. Insisting on professional management separate from owners
III. Higher interest rates
IV. Periodic audits
Over the counter and electronic communication networks match buyers and sellers. However, there is no market making function, ie, in periods of stress liquidity may completely disappear from these markets. Exchanges normally have market makers that are required to present two way quotes on the securities they are making the market for. Therefore Choice 'a' is the correct answer.
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