Babies born to mothers with diabetes mellitus should be thoroughly assessed for which of the following conditions?
Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy:
Mothers with diabetes mellitus, especially if poorly controlled, have a higher risk of having babies with congenital anomalies.
Common Conditions in Infants:
Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs): These are the most common congenital anomalies seen in babies born to mothers with diabetes. This includes conditions like ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and transposition of the great arteries.
Other Possible Conditions: Although cystic fibrosis, polycystic kidney disease, and developmental dysplasia of the hip can occur in newborns, they are not directly associated with maternal diabetes.
American Diabetes Association (ADA)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
A staff nurse was entering patient's clinical notes in the computer, and had to leave to attend an immediate call without completion of recording. Another nurse used the account of the previous nurse to enter her notes.
Which of the following BEST describes the ethical issue that was committed?
The situation describes a breach of confidentiality, which occurs when private patient information is accessed or disclosed without proper authorization.
Negligence: This refers to the failure to provide the standard of care that a reasonably prudent person would provide in a similar situation, but it doesn't specifically address unauthorized access to patient information.
Malpractice: This is a type of negligence by a professional, which results in harm to the patient, and usually involves direct patient care rather than record-keeping issues.
Breach of Privacy: This involves the inappropriate disclosure of private information. In this case, using someone else's account does not directly disclose patient information to unauthorized parties.
Breach of Confidentiality: This specifically addresses the unauthorized access or use of patient information, which is exactly what happened when another nurse used the first nurse's account to enter notes.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Guidelines
American Nurses Association (ANA): Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements
A 37 weeks pregnant woman presents with labor-like pain. She has mild uterine contractions (2-3 contractions in 10 minutes). On abdominal palpation, the nurse notes the fetus lie is transverse. The nurse reported to the doctor who confirm the malpresentation via an ultrasound.
The immediate nursing action is to:
Transverse Lie and Delivery:
A transverse lie means the fetus is positioned horizontally in the uterus, making vaginal delivery impossible and risky.
In such cases, a cesarean section is usually required to safely deliver the baby.
Immediate Nursing Action:
Oral Fluids and Pain Relief: While important, these are not the immediate priorities in this scenario.
Monitoring Labor: This is less relevant due to the malpresentation.
Preparing for Cesarean Section: Given the transverse lie, this is the immediate and appropriate action to ensure the safety of both mother and baby.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)
Mayo Clinic Guidelines on Labor and Delivery
At the end of the year, the head nurse decided to motivate the nurses for their teamwork.
Which of the following would be the MOST appropriate action?
Motivating Nurses and Teamwork:
Recognizing and appreciating the efforts of nurses is crucial for maintaining morale and encouraging teamwork.
Best Approach:
Email Appreciation and Memo: These are impersonal and might not effectively motivate the team.
Morning Shift Report Discussion: Useful for daily updates but less formal and might miss some members.
Ward Meeting Acknowledgment: Publicly recognizing individual contributions in a ward meeting is more personal and impactful. It allows team members to feel valued and appreciated in front of their peers, boosting morale and motivation.
Journal of Nursing Management on Team Motivation
American Nurses Association (ANA) on Nurse Recognition and Rewards
A nursing director wishes to improve the job performance of a group of medical orderlies who are ineffective in their job.
Using Herzberg's theory of motivation, what would be the most appropriate motivator?
Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation distinguishes between hygiene factors and motivators. Hygiene factors (like pay, working conditions, and benefits) can prevent dissatisfaction but do not create long-term motivation. Motivators, on the other hand, are related to the nature of the work itself and include factors such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunities for growth. Offering opportunities for achievement and recognition is a motivator according to Herzberg's theory and would likely improve job performance by enhancing job satisfaction and intrinsic motivation.
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