McAfee CCII Exam Questions

Manyjurisdictions require ISPsto store data for aspecific retention period. Examples:

Federal ISP Data Retention Guidelines

McAfee Institute Cyber Law Manual

EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Cybercrime lawsvary by statein the U.S. and internationally. Different jurisdictions havedifferent statutes, regulations, and prosecutorial approaches. For example:

Californiahas theCalifornia Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA).

New Yorkhasspecific cybersecurity regulationsfor financial institutions.

European nationshaveGDPR, whilethe U.S. has fragmented federal and state laws.

Investigators must beaware of regional cyber lawsto ensure compliance.

McAfee Institute Cyber Law and Investigations Guide

Computer-generated evidence must bevalidatedbefore being used in court. Forensic experts employ:

Hashing techniques-- MD5, SHA-256 for data integrity.

Digital signatures and timestamps-- Ensuring authenticity.

Audit trails and access logs-- Tracking modifications.

Without proper validation,altered evidencecan mislead investigations.

McAfee Institute Cyber Evidence Authentication Guide

DOJ Cybercrime Evidence Validation Protocols

Federal Digital Forensic Examination Manual

According to theNational Retail Federation (NRF), retailers lose between$2 billion and $5 billion annuallydue toOrganized Retail Crime (ORC). ORC involves:

Coordinated theft ringsthat steal large quantities of merchandise.

Reselling stolen goodsvia online marketplaces, flea markets, and social media.

Use of counterfeit receipts and return fraud schemes.

Retailers report that ORC groups are becomingmore sophisticated, using tactics likegift cardfraud, online scams, and employee collusion. These crimes significantly impact the economy, leading to:

Higher costs for businesses.

Increased product prices for consumers.

Security and law enforcement expensesto combat ORC.

Identity theftis themost common type of online fraud, affecting millions of people worldwide each year. Cybercriminals stealpersonal and financial informationto:

Openfraudulent bank accounts.

Makeunauthorized transactionsusing stolen credit card details.

Conductloan fraudor apply for government benefits.

Common methods used for identity theft include:

Phishing attacks(fraudulent emails and fake websites).

Data breaches(hacking into databases to steal personal records).

Social engineering(manipulating people into revealing sensitive data).