A "functional test" is...
A functional test is a dynamic test for which the tests are based on the specification of the test object. This means that the test cases and test data are derived from the functional requirements, use cases, user stories, or other sources that describe the expected behavior and functionality of the system under test. A functional test is not focused on the efficiency of the system (that would be a performance test), nor is it a static comparison of test and requirements specification (that would be a review or inspection), nor is it based on the structure of the test object (that would be a structural test).
Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus - ISTQB Guru1, page 10
Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) Syllabus - ASTQB2, page 65
A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer3, page 77
What type of test design technique is the most effective in testing screen-dialog flows?
An airline's frequent flyer's club awards benefits depending on which tier a customer is in. The software must determine which tier to allocate a customer to based on an input value of total Credits Earned to date
Customers initially join the Silver Tier and remain in that tier for the first 400 Credits Earned The next 400 Credits Earned moves the customer into the Gold Tier. The next 600 Credits Earned moves the customer into the Platinum Tier Further Credits Earned moves the customer into the Concierge Tier.
Test Cases have been written with the following total Credits Earned input values:
TC1 -400 Credits
TC2 - 500 Credits
TC3 - 800 Credits
TC4-1500 Credits
Applying the Equivalence Partitioning test design technique, what percentage of valid Equivalence Partitions have these 4 test cases collectively achieved?
Equivalence Partitioning is a black-box test design technique that divides input data of a software module into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. In this context, the valid equivalence partitions are:
Silver Tier: 0 to 400 Credits
Gold Tier: 401 to 800 Credits
Platinum Tier: 801 to 1400 Credits
Concierge Tier: 1401+ Credits
The test cases provided cover all these partitions:
TC1 covers the Silver Tier boundary at 400 Credits.
TC2 covers within the Gold Tier at 500 Credits.
TC3 covers the Gold Tier boundary at 800 Credits.
TC4 covers within the Concierge Tier at 1500 Credits.
Since all valid partitions are covered by the test cases, 100% of the valid Equivalence Partitions have been achieved.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a typical risk-based testing activity?
Risk-based testing is an approach to testing that prioritizes and focuses on testing activities based on the level of risk associated with each feature or function of the system under test. Risk-based testing aims to optimize the use of time, resources, and techniques for testing by identifying and addressing the most critical and likely sources of failure or harm in the system under test. Some examples of typical risk-based testing activities are:
Brainstorming sessions are held with a wide variety of stakeholders to identify possible failures in the system: This activity is part of the risk identification process, which involves gathering information and opinions from different perspectives and sources to discover potential risks in the system under test.
Tests are prioritized to ensure that those associated with critical parts of the system are executed earlier: This activity is part of the risk analysis and evaluation process, which involves assessing the probability and impact of each risk and ranking them according to their severity and importance.
The focus of testing is shifted to an area in the system where tests find more defects than expected: This activity is part of the risk mitigation and monitoring process, which involves taking actions to reduce or eliminate the risks and tracking their status and progress.
The evaluation of a risk-management tool to decide which tool to use for future projects is not an example of a typical risk-based testing activity because it is not directly related to testing the system under test based on its risks. Rather, it is an example of a tool selection or evaluation activity, which involves comparing and choosing a tool that can support or enhance the testing process based on criteria such as functionality, usability, reliability, compatibility, cost, etc. You can find more information about risk-based testing in [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus], Chapter 3, Section 3.4.
What type of test design technique is the most effective in testing screen-dialog flows?
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