Liz is a new client of yours. She is 36 years old, single, and has been working and earning a nice salary since her graduation from high school. She has been contributing the maximum allowed to a TSA plan through her employer, and you have no reason to doubt that she will meet her stated goal to retire when she is 58. She also has a good health care plan through her employer and is in excellent health. She has been depositing her non-retirement savings in a money market fund and is not pleased at the pathetic return she has been earning on her current balance of $140,000. Liz has been reading some articles on the web and understands she could allocate her funds to receive a higher return. She's willing to take on a moderate level of risk, but needs your help. She informs you that she does plan to use $40,000 of her current savings as a down payment for a condo and that her investment goals are to have money available for travel and for unexpected expenses and periodic purchases such as new cars and new furniture as the needs arise. She pays taxes at the highest marginal tax rate for individual tax payers.
Based on these facts, which of the following asset allocations would best meet her needs?
i. Money market fund: 30%; investment-grade corporate bonds: 20%; blue-chip stocks: 20%; high-yield bonds: 10%; small cap stocks: 10%; foreign stocks: 10%
ii. Money market fund: 10%; investment-grade municipal bonds: 5%; blue-chip stocks: 25%; high-yield bonds: 25%; small cap stocks: 10%; foreign stocks: 25%
iii. Money market fund: 10%; investment-grade municipal bonds: 25%; growth stocks: 40%; small cap stocks: 15%; foreign stocks: 10%
The portfolio described in Selection III would be the best choice for Liz. She has little need for liquidity, so the allocation to a money market fund is only 10%. Another 40% of the allocation is in investment-grade municipal bonds and blue-chip stocks, with only 25% allocated to the riskier asset classes of foreign stocks and small caps. This meets her stated willingness to take on only a moderate level of risk. The large percentage that is allocated to municipal bonds is intended to provide her with federal tax-free interest income since she is in such a high marginal tax bracket -income that she can use for traveling and for those unexpected and periodic expenses, perhaps. The 45% allocation to growth stocks and small caps will also serve as a tax shield since these categories of stocks pay little, if any, dividends that would be taxed. Liz will only have to pay tax on capital gains when she chooses to sell these assets. The portfolio described in Selection I has far too much invested in a lower-yielding money market fund for someone who doesn't need much liquidity. Portfolio II has 60% invested in high risk securities-junk bonds, small caps, and foreign stocks-with a full 50% invested in junk bonds and foreign stocks. This would be an inappropriate allocation for an investor who is willing to accept only a moderate level of risk.
Which of the following would be the most suitable investment for a client who has retired and needs some current income to augment her social security check?
Of the choices provided, the most suitable investment for a client who has retired and needs some current income to augment her social security check would be a U.S. government bond fund. The growth fund is mostly invested in stocks that provide their return in the form of capital appreciation, not dividend income. The variable life policy would not offer her the current income she needs and may even have a surrender charge. Furthermore, these policies are insurance, not investments. A money market fund is good for capital preservation and some of her funds should be invested in a money market fund to meet this objective, but it will not provide her with current income. A U.S. government bond fund is less risky than other bond funds--although its value will fluctuate with interest rate changes-and will provide her with the supplemental income she requires.
In 2008, Mr. Conservative bought a 1-year Treasury bill that was yielding 1.63%. The average annual rate of inflation in 2008 was 3.85%. In this case:
If Mr. Conservative bought a 1-year Treasury bill in 2008 that was yielding 1.63%, and the average annual rate of inflation in 2008 was 3.85%, Mr. Conservative earned a real return of -2.22 % on his investment. In other words, he lost 2.22% in purchasing power since the dollars he received when the bill matured were worth less than the dollars he paid to buy the bill. Real return = nominal return - inflation rate = 1.63% - 3.85% = -2.22%.
The Federal Reserve announces that it plans to buy $3.89 billion in Treasury securities on the open market. All else equal, which of the following is a likely result of this Fed action?
If the Federal Reserve buys Treasury bills on the open market, the money supply is increased, which causes interest rates to fall, and a decrease in interest rates results in an increase in stock and bond prices, all else equal.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a mutual fund?
Mutual fund shares are bought and sold through the fund itself. The shares will sell for at least net asset value, unlike shares of a closed-end investment company wherein prices are set by supply and demand forces. Mutual funds are open-end investment companies and have no fixed number of shares.
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