What does the SPI within IPsec identify?
Within IPsec, the SPI (Security Parameter Index) is a critical component that uniquely identifies a Security Association (SA) for the IPsec session. The SPI is used in the IPsec headers to help the receiving party determine which SA has been agreed upon for processing the incoming packets. This identification is crucial for the proper operation and management of security policies applied to the encrypted data flows. Reference:
RFC 4301, 'Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol,' which discusses the structure and use of the SPI in IPsec communications.
What type of communication protocol does Modbus RTU use?
Modbus RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) is a communication protocol based on a master-slave architecture that uses serial communication. It is one of the earliest communication protocols developed for devices connected over serial lines. Modbus RTU packets are transmitted in a binary format over serial lines such as RS-485 or RS-232. Reference:
Modbus Organization, 'MODBUS over Serial Line Specification and Implementation Guide V1.02'.
Which of the following names represents inbound filtering?
Ingress filtering is a method used in network security to ensure that incoming packets are allowed or blocked based on a set of security rules.
This type of filtering is often implemented at the boundaries of networks to prevent unwanted or harmful traffic from entering a more secure internal network.
The term 'ingress' refers to traffic that is entering a network boundary, whereas 'egress' refers to traffic exiting a network.
Reference
Cisco Networking Academy Program: Network Security.
'Understanding Ingress and Egress Filtering,' Network Security Guidelines, TechNet.
Which of the IEC 62443 Security Levels is identified by a cybercrime/hacker target?
IEC 62443 is an international series of standards on Industrial communication networks and system security, specifically related to Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS). Within the IEC 62443 standards, Security Level 3 is defined as protection against deliberate or specialized intrusion. It is designed to safeguard against threats from skilled attackers (cybercriminals or hackers) targeting specific processes or operations within the industrial control system. Reference:
International Electrotechnical Commission, 'IEC 62443 Standards'.
Which of the following are required functions of information management?
Information management within the context of network security involves several critical functions that ensure data is correctly handled for security operations. These functions include:
Normalization: This process standardizes data formats from various sources to a common format, making it easier to analyze systematically.
Correlation: This function identifies relationships between disparate pieces of data, helping to identify patterns or potential security incidents.
Data enrichment: Adds context to the collected data, enhancing the information with additional details, such as threat intelligence.
All these functions are essential to effective information management in security systems, allowing for more accurate monitoring and faster response to potential threats.
Reference
'Data Enrichment and Correlation in SIEM Systems,' Security Information Management Best Practices.
'Normalization Techniques for Security Data,' Journal of Network Security.
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