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Eccouncil 312-50 Exam Questions
- Topic 1: Introduction to Ethical Hacking: This module covers ethical hacking fundamentals such as elements of information security, Chain Methodology, Hacker Classes, Risk Management, DSS, HIPPA, and SOX.
- Topic 2: Foot Printing and Reconnaissance: In this module, candidates are tested for performing footprinting on the target network, and performing website, email, whois, and DNS footprinting. Other topics include Advanced Google Hacking Techniques, Deep and Dark Web Footprinting, Website Mirroring, Traceout Analysis, and other tools.
- Topic 3: Scanning Networks: The topics covered in this module include network scanning, host discovery, port scanning, OS Discovery, and packet Fragmentation.
- Topic 4: Enumeration: The current domain covers NetBIOS Enumeration, SNMP, NFS, SMTP Enumeration and also covers DNS Cache Snooping and VoIP Enumeration.
- Topic 5: Vulnerability Analysis: It covers vulnerability research, assessment, management and lifecycle, classification, and assessment tools.
- Topic 6: System Hacking: This section covers password cracking, wire sniffing, buffer overflow, keylogger, spyware, anti-keyloggers, rootKits, post-exploitation, and covering tracks.
- Topic 7: Malware Threats: This section covers Malware components, APT, Trojan, Virus, Ransomware, Worms, Virus detection, and Anti-trojan software.
- Topic 8: Sniffing: This module covers sniffing, MAC flooding, MAC Spoofing, DNS Poisoning tools, and Sniffing tools.
- Topic 9: Social Engineering: This section of the exam covers social engineering types, Phishing, insider threats, and identity theft.
- Topic 10: Denial-of-Service: This section covers DoS Attacks, DDos Attacks, Botnets, DoS/DDoS Attack Tools, DoS Protection Tools.
- Topic 11: Session Hijacking: This section covers types of session hacking, Spoofing, client-side attacks, session replay attacks, CRIME attacks, and Hijacking tools.
- Topic 12: Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots: This section covers intrusion detection systems, firewall types, intrusion prevention, intrusion detection tools, Evading NAC Endpoint security, IDS/Firewall Evading Tools, and Honeypot detection tools.
- Topic 13: Hacking Web Servers: This section covers web server operations, web server attacks, DNS Server Hijacking, website defacement, Web Cache Positioning Attack, web server security tools, and patch management tools.
- Topic 14: Hacking Web Applications: This section covers web applications architecture, web application threats, application security risks, web shell, web API Hacking Methodology.
- Topic 15: SQL Injection: In this section, topics covered SQJ injection, SQJ Injection methodology, tools signature evasion, and injection detection tools.
- Topic 16: Hacking Wireless Networks: This section covers wireless terminology, wireless networks, encryption, wireless threats, Wi-Fi encryption cracking, Bluetooth hacking, Wi-Fi security auditing, and Bluetooth security tools.
- Topic 17: Hacking Mobile Platforms: This section covers Mobile Platform Attack Vectors, App sandboxing, SMS Phishing attacks, hacking Android devices, and mobile security tools.
- Topic 18: IoT and OT Hacking: In this section, topics covered IoT Architecture, IoT Communication, top ten IoT threats, ICS and SCADA, OT Vulnerabilities, and OT Security Tools.
- Topic 19: Cloud Computing: This section covers types of cloud computing, cloud deployment, Fog and Edge computing, cloud service providers, serverless computing, and cloud attacks.
- Topic 20: Cryptography: This section covers cryptography, Encryption Algorithms, Cryptography tools, disk encryption, and Key Stretching.
Free Eccouncil 312-50 Exam Actual Questions
Note: Premium Questions for 312-50 were last updated On Feb. 27, 2025 (see below)
Your network infrastructure is under a SYN flood attack. The attacker has crafted an automated botnet to
simultaneously send 's' SYN packets per second to the server. You have put measures in place to manage 'f
SYN packets per second, and the system is designed to deal with this number without any performance issues.
If 's' exceeds 'f', the network infrastructure begins to show signs of overload. The system's response time
increases exponentially (24k), where 'k' represents each additional SYN packet above the ff limit. Now, considering 's=500' and different 'f values, in which scenario is the server most likely to experience overload and significantly increased response times?
A well-resourced attacker intends to launch a highly disruptive DDoS attack against a major online retailer. The attacker aims to exhaust all the network resources while keeping their identity concealed. Their method should be resistant to simple defensive measures such as IP-based blocking. Based on these objectives, which of the following attack strategies would be most effective?
You are an ethical hacker contracted to conduct a security audit for a company. During the audit, you discover that the company's wireless network is using WEP encryption. You understand the vulnerabilities associated with WEP and plan to recommend a more secure encryption method. Which of the following would you recommend as a Suitable replacement to enhance the security of the company's wireless network?
An audacious attacker is targeting a web server you oversee. He intends to perform a Slow HTTP POST attack, by manipulating 'a' HTTP connection. Each connection sends a byte of data every 'b' second, effectively holding up the connections for an extended period. Your server is designed to manage 'm' connections per second, but any connections exceeding this number tend to overwhelm the system. Given 'a=100' and variable 'm', along with the attacker's intention of maximizing the attack duration 'D=a*b', consider the following scenarios. Which is most likely to result in the longest duration of server unavailability?
A Slow HTTP POST attack is a type of denial-of-service (DoS) attack that exploits the way web servers handle HTTP requests. The attacker sends a legitimate HTTP POST header to the web server, specifying a large amount of data to be sent in the request body. However, the attacker then sends the data very slowly, keeping the connection open and occupying the server's resources. The attacker can launch multiple such connections, exceeding the server's capacity to handle concurrent requests and preventing legitimate users from accessing the web server.
The attack duration D is given by the formula D = a * b, where a is the number of connections and b is the hold-up time per connection. The attacker intends to maximize D by manipulating a and b. The server can manage m connections per second, but any connections exceeding m will overwhelm the system. Therefore, the scenario that is most likely to result in the longest duration of server unavailability is the one where a > m and b is the largest. Among the four options, this is the case for option B, where a = 100, m = 90, and b = 15. In this scenario, D = 100 * 15 = 1500 seconds, which is the longest among the four options. Option A has a larger b, but a < m, so the server can handle the connections without being overwhelmed. Option C has a > m, but a smaller b, so the attack duration is shorter. Option D has a > m, but a smaller b and a smaller difference between a and m, so the attack duration is also shorter. Reference:
What is a Slow POST Attack & How to Prevent One? (Guide)
Mitigate Slow HTTP GET/POST Vulnerabilities in the Apache HTTP Server - Acunetix
What is a Slow Post DDoS Attack? | NETSCOUT
In the process of implementing a network vulnerability assessment strategy for a tech company, the security
analyst is confronted with the following scenarios:
1) A legacy application is discovered on the network, which no longer receives updates from the vendor.
2) Several systems in the network are found running outdated versions of web browsers prone to distributed
attacks.
3) The network firewall has been configured using default settings and passwords.
4) Certain TCP/IP protocols used in the organization are inherently insecure.
The security analyst decides to use vulnerability scanning software. Which of the following limitations of vulnerability assessment should the analyst be most cautious about in this context?
Vulnerability scanning software is a tool that can help security analysts identify and prioritize known vulnerabilities in their systems and applications. However, it is not a perfect solution and has some limitations that need to be considered. One of the most critical limitations is that vulnerability scanning software is not immune to software engineering flaws that might lead to serious vulnerabilities being missed. This means that the software itself might have bugs, errors, or oversights that could affect its accuracy, reliability, or performance. For example, the software might:
Fail to detect some vulnerabilities due to incomplete or outdated databases, incorrect signatures, or insufficient coverage of the target system or application.
Produce false positives or false negatives due to misinterpretation of the scan results, incorrect configuration, or lack of context or validation.
Cause unintended consequences or damage to the target system or application due to intrusive or aggressive scanning techniques, such as exploiting vulnerabilities, modifying data, or crashing services.
Be vulnerable to attacks or compromise by malicious actors who could exploit its weaknesses, tamper with its functionality, or steal its data.
Therefore, the security analyst should be most cautious about this limitation of vulnerability scanning software, as it could lead to a false sense of security, missed opportunities for remediation, or increased exposure to threats. The security analyst should always verify the scan results, use multiple tools and methods, and update and patch the software regularly to mitigate this risk.
[CEHv12 Module 03: Vulnerability Analysis]
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