Which of the following analysis techniques is an unsupervised data mining process?
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
Unsupervised data mining techniques are used to identify hidden patterns or intrinsic structures in data without prior labels or classifications. Among the options provided,clusteringis a primary unsupervised learning method.
Option A:Clustering
Rationale:Clustering involves grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group (or cluster) are more similar to each other than to those in other groups. This technique is unsupervised because it doesn't rely on predefined labels and is used to discover natural groupings within data.
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Option B:Descriptive
Rationale:Descriptive analysis summarizes or describes the main features of a dataset, often through statistical measures or visualizations. While it provides insights into the data, it is not a data mining process but rather a preliminary step in data analysis.
Option C:Regression
Rationale:Regression analysis is a supervised learning technique used to model and analyze the relationships between variables. It requires labeled data to predict outcomes and is not considered an unsupervised process.
Option D:Predictive
Rationale:Predictive analysis involves using historical data to make predictions aboutfuture events. It often employs supervised learning techniques and relies on labeled datasets to train models.
An analyst wants to determine whether a relationship between an individual's age and voting preferences exists. Which of the following is the best statistical method for the analyst to use?
The Chi-squared test is used to analyze relationships between two categorical variables. In this case, age groups and voting preferences are both categorical variables, making chi-squared the most appropriate test.
A database administrator needs to ensure only approved users can access specific database tables to perform financial functions. Which of the following is the best access control method for the administrator to use?
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
Access control is a critical aspect of database security. The best method for controllingwho can access financial databased onjob rolesisRole-Based Access Control (RBAC).
Option A (Role-based):Correct.RBAC assigns permissions based on a user's role within the organization (e.g., accountants can access financial data, but sales representatives cannot).
Option B (Rule-based):Incorrect. Rule-Based Access Control (RuBAC) enforces policies based on rules, such as time restrictions, rather than user roles.
Option C (Discretionary):Incorrect. Discretionary Access Control (DAC) allows individual users to grant permissions, which can lead to security risks in financial systems.
Option D (Group-based):Incorrect. Group-Based Access Control (GBAC) assigns permissions based on user groups, but RBAC provides finer control for financial functions.
A company wants to know how its customers interact with an e-commerce website based on clicks over items. Which of the following is the primary requirement for this report?
Which of the following types of analyses should be used to evaluate the connections and anomalies in a data set when either known patterns are being violated or new patterns are emerging?
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