A psychological view in which an employee treats the business and the work as if it were their own:
Work ownership - the idea that a person 'takes ownership' of their work, and thus performs better.
A sub-set could be problem ownership - taking ownership of workplace problems because of work ownership.
Continuous improvement -- making small changes in operations and activities in a never-ending way -- is called in Japanese:
It's 'kaizen'.
This links to notions of JIT, lean, total quality management, etc.
The other answers shown are not relevant to this course.
Fear of the unknown, peer pressure, organisational politics are examples of reasons why people might:
The mood of the QUESTION NO : is that something is to be resisted rather than encouraged - the other three options - investment, procurement and promotion are often seen as positives, not negatives.
The answer is 'resist change' - many humans find change very challenging, especially as there seems to be so much of it around.
The view that workers are naturally lazy, avoid responsibility and are without ambition is in line with Theory (Douglas McGregor):
X - this view is one end of the extreme spectrum created by McGregor to aid discussion and under-standing of management types / styles.
The other extreme being 'Y'.
'A team has a common XXXX and YYYY'.
Select the one which fits best.
Purpose and goals - the description is part of the definition of a team.
Language and culture might immediately appeal, but is not the correct answer. Teams might com-monly have the same employer. Captain and uniform is a mild attempt at humour - teams don't need a uniform, although some do eg airline crews and footballers.
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