Which of the following charts should be used to monitor leaks in plastic bottles?
The P chart, also known as the proportion chart, is used to monitor the proportion of defective items in a process. For leaks in plastic bottles, which are attribute data (defective or not), the P chart is appropriate as it helps track the fraction of defective units over time.
Montgomery, D.C. (2009). Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. Wiley.
ASQ. (n.d.). P Chart. Retrieved from https://asq.org/quality-resources/p-chart
In an ISO-compliant quality system, which of the following methods would be most effective for identifying employee training needs?
An ISO-compliant quality system requires a structured approach to identifying and addressing training needs.
Allowing Employees to Identify Their Own Training Needs:
This can lead to inconsistent and subjective training requirements.
Conducting a Needs Analysis for Each Job Category:
This method ensures that training is aligned with the specific requirements and responsibilities of each job role.
A needs analysis assesses the skills and competencies required for each job and identifies any gaps that training can address.
Requiring All Employees to Complete the Same Training Courses:
This approach may not address the specific needs of different job roles and can be inefficient.
Requiring Supervisors to Identify Training for Their Employees:
While supervisors can provide input, a comprehensive needs analysis is more effective for ensuring systematic and thorough identification of training needs.
Which of the following activities is a form of error-proofing?
Error-proofing, or 'poka-yoke,' is a technique used to prevent errors by designing processes, equipment, or fixtures to avoid mistakes.
Fixture design involves creating jigs, fixtures, or tooling that ensure parts are correctly positioned and assembled, thereby preventing errors.
Housekeeping, equipment calibration, and double sampling do not inherently prevent errors by design.
Reference: The concept of error-proofing is detailed in quality engineering literature, such as 'Poka-Yoke: Improving Product Quality by Preventing Defects' by Shigeo Shingo.
Registration to the ISO 9001 standard requires which of the following types of audit?
Registration to ISO 9001 requires a third-party audit conducted by an accredited certification body.
Third-party audits are independent assessments to verify compliance with the ISO 9001 standard.
These audits ensure that the quality management system meets the requirements and is effectively implemented.
Reference: ISO 9001 guidelines and certification processes, as detailed in the 'ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management Systems -- Requirements' document.
Which of the following tools can be used to show a frequency distribution?
A check sheet is a structured, prepared form for collecting and analyzing data.
It is one of the seven basic quality tools used to record frequency of events or defects, making it ideal for showing frequency distribution.
Affinity diagrams and interrelationship digraphs are used for organizing ideas and identifying relationships, while a PERT chart is used for project scheduling.
Reference: The ASQ and various quality management textbooks, such as 'The Quality Toolbox' by Nancy R. Tague, outline the use of check sheets for frequency distribution analysis.
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